Stomach Ulcers

Gastric ulcers develop when there’s an imbalance between stomach acid and the protective mechanisms of the stomach lining. Common causes include:

• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: This bacterium disrupts the mucous layer, making the stomach lining more susceptible to acid damage.
• Prolonged use of NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can irritate or inflame the stomach lining.
• Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol can erode the mucous lining and increase stomach acid production.
• Smoking: Tobacco use impairs the stomach’s protective mechanisms and hinders healing.
• Hypercalcemia: Elevated calcium levels can stimulate excessive acid production.
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A rare condition where tumors cause the stomach to produce too much acid.

Individuals with gastric ulcers may experience:

• Burning or gnawing pain in the upper abdomen
• Pain that worsens on an empty stomach or at night
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating or belching
• Unintended weight loss
• Vomiting blood or black, tarry stools (indicative of bleeding)

It’s important to note that some individuals may not exhibit noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages.

To confirm the presence of a gastric ulcer, healthcare providers may recommend:

• Endoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to visualize the stomach lining.
• Biopsy: During an endoscopy, a small tissue sample may be taken to check for H. pylori infection or rule out cancer.
• Barium swallow (Upper GI series): An X-ray exam where the patient drinks a barium solution to highlight abnormalities in the stomach.
• Tests for H. pylori: These can include breath, blood, or stool tests to detect the presence of the bacterium.

Effective management of gastric ulcers involves:

• Antibiotics: To eradicate H. pylori infection if present.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that reduce stomach acid production, promoting healing.
• H2-receptor antagonists: Drugs that decrease acid production.
• Antacids: Over-the-counter remedies that neutralize existing stomach acid.
• Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding NSAIDs, reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and managing stress.

In severe cases, such as those involving bleeding or perforation, surgical intervention may be necessary.

If you experience persistent abdominal pain, vomiting blood, black stools, or unexplained weight loss, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and promote healing.