GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Disease Eshopagus and Stomach)

Several factors can contribute to the development of GERD:

• Hiatal Hernia: A condition where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, impairing LES function.
• Dietary Habits: Consumption of certain foods and beverages, such as chocolate, fried or fatty foods, coffee, and alcohol, can trigger reflux symptoms.
• Lifestyle Factors: Obesity and pregnancy increase abdominal pressure, which can exacerbate reflux.
• Other Factors: Smoking and certain medications may also weaken the LES or increase acid production.

The hallmark symptom of GERD is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest that may extend to the throat. Other common symptoms include:

• Regurgitation: A sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into the throat or mouth.
• Chest Pain: Discomfort that may mimic heart-related pain.
• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): A sensation of food being stuck in the throat.
• Chronic Cough or Hoarseness: Especially in the mornings.
• Sore Throat: Persistent irritation due to acid exposure.

These symptoms can vary in intensity and may worsen after meals or when lying down.

Lifestyle Modifications:

• Dietary Changes: Avoiding trigger foods and beverages.
• Eating Habits: Consuming smaller meals and not lying down immediately after eating.
• Weight Management: Losing excess weight to reduce abdominal pressure.
• Elevating the Head During Sleep: Raising the head of the bed can prevent nighttime symptoms.

Medications:

• Antacids: Provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
• H2 Receptor Blockers: Reduce acid production.
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): More potent acid blockers that promote healing of the esophageal lining.

Surgical Intervention:

For severe cases unresponsive to lifestyle changes and medications, surgical options like fundoplication may be considered. This procedure involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the LES to strengthen it and prevent acid reflux.

Persistent GERD symptoms can lead to complications such as esophagitis, esophageal ulcers, or Barrett’s esophagus—a condition that increases the risk of esophageal cancer. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Frequent or severe heartburn.
• Difficulty swallowing.
• Unintended weight loss.
• Persistent chest pain.

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve quality of life.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, you can visit Dr. Aditya Kulkarni’s official website.