Achalasia Cardia Treatment(disease eshophagus and stomach )

The exact cause of Achalasia Cardia remains unclear. However, it is believed to result from the degeneration of nerve cells in the esophageal wall, particularly those responsible for muscle contractions and LES relaxation. This degeneration impairs the coordinated movements necessary for swallowing.

Common symptoms include:

• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids.
• Regurgitation: Backflow of undigested food or saliva.
• Chest Pain: Discomfort or pain behind the breastbone.
• Weight Loss: Unintended weight loss due to eating difficulties.
• Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often mistaken for acid reflux.

Diagnosing Achalasia Cardia involves several tests:

• Esophageal Manometry: Measures the rhythmic muscle contractions of the esophagus when swallowing.
• Barium Swallow: An X-ray imaging test where the patient swallows a barium solution to highlight the esophagus and assess its function.
• Endoscopy: A procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the esophagus and rule out other conditions.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms by reducing LES pressure:

• Pneumatic Dilation: A balloon is inserted and inflated at the LES to stretch and weaken the sphincter muscle.
• Botulinum Toxin Injection: Botox is injected into the LES to temporarily paralyze and relax the muscle.
• Medications: Nitrates or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to relax the LES, though they are generally less effective.

• Heller Myotomy: A minimally invasive surgery where the muscles of the LES are cut to allow easier passage of food.
• Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM): An endoscopic procedure that involves cutting the LES muscle to relieve symptoms.

The choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the patient’s age, overall health, and severity of the condition.

With appropriate treatment, many individuals experience significant relief from symptoms. However, ongoing monitoring is essential, as some treatments may have side effects or require repeat procedures.

For more detailed information or to explore treatment options, consulting with a gastroenterologist or a specialist in esophageal disorders is recommended.