Acid Injury to Stomach and Foodpipe(Disease Eshopagus and Stomach)

Several factors can contribute to the development of an esophageal stricture:

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can damage the esophageal lining, leading to inflammation and scarring, which narrows the esophagus.
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus due to infections, medications, or allergens can result in tissue damage and subsequent stricture formation.
• Radiation Therapy: Treatment for cancers in the chest or neck area may cause scarring in the esophagus.
• Ingestion of Corrosive Substances: Accidental or intentional swallowing of acids or alkalis can severely damage the esophageal lining, leading to strictures.
• Surgical Procedures: Operations involving the esophagus or nearby structures can result in scar tissue formation.
• Tumors: Both benign and malignant growths can cause physical obstruction or lead to scarring.

The primary symptom of an esophageal stricture is difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Other symptoms may include:

• Painful Swallowing (Odynophagia): Discomfort or pain during the act of swallowing.
• Regurgitation: The sensation of food coming back up into the throat or mouth.
• Chest Pain or Pressure: A feeling of tightness or discomfort in the chest area.
• Unintentional Weight Loss: Due to reduced food intake from swallowing difficulties.
• Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often associated with acid reflux.
• Frequent Burping or Hiccups: Caused by trapped air or irritation in the esophagus.
• Feeling of Food Stuck: A sensation that food is lodged in the chest or throat after eating.

To diagnose an esophageal stricture, healthcare providers may utilize:

• Barium Swallow Radiograph: An X-ray procedure where the patient swallows a barium solution to highlight the esophagus and identify narrowing.
• Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to visualize the esophagus directly.
• Esophageal Manometry: Measures the rhythmic muscle contractions of the esophagus when swallowing.
• Biopsy: Taking a small tissue sample during endoscopy to rule out cancer or other conditions.

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and address the underlying cause:

• Esophageal Dilation: A procedure where a balloon or dilator is used to stretch the narrowed area of the esophagus.
• Medications: Proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor blockers may be prescribed to reduce acid production and prevent further damage.
• Steroid Injections: Administered during dilation to reduce inflammation and scarring.
• Stent Placement: Inserting a tube to keep the esophagus open in severe cases.
• Surgery: In rare cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the stricture or bypass the affected area.

With appropriate treatment, many individuals experience significant relief from symptoms. However, strictures can recur, necessitating ongoing monitoring and possibly repeated treatments. Managing underlying conditions like GERD through lifestyle modifications and medication is crucial to prevent recurrence.